D

dearth
[Middle English derthe, from Old English *d orthu, costliness, from d ore, costly; see dear1.]
–noun
1. an inadequate supply; scarcity; lack: There is a dearth of good engineers.
2. scarcity and dearness of food; famine.




a lack of They suffer from a dearth of resources and of experienced men
कमी, किल्लत, दुर्लभता, अकाल

decorum
[Latin dec rum, from dec rus, becoming, handsome; see decorous.]

1. Appropriateness of behavior or conduct; propriety: "In the Ireland of the 1940's ... the stolidity of a long, empty, grave face was thought to be the height of decorum and profundity" John McGahern.
2. decorums The conventions or requirements of polite behavior: the formalities and decorums of a military funeral.
3. The appropriateness of an element of an artistic or literary work, such as style or tone, to its particular circumstance or to the composition as a whole


demur
[Middle English demuren, to delay, from Anglo-Norman demurer, from Latin d mor r : d -, de- + mor r , to delay (from mora, delay).]

–verb (used without object)
1. to make objection, esp. on the grounds of scruples; take exception; object: They wanted to make him the treasurer, but he demurred.
2. Law. to interpose a demurrer.
3. Archaic. to linger; hesitate.

–noun
4. the act of making objection.
5. an objection raised.
6. hesitation.
7. Law. Obsolete. a demurrer.

derision
1350–1400; ME derisioun < href="http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=deride&db=luna">deride ) + -iōn- -ion
1
a: the use of ridicule or scorn to show contempt
b: a state of being derided
2: an object of ridicule or scorn



Desiccate
Latin desiccatus, past participle of desiccare to dry up, from de- + siccare to dry, from siccus dry

transitive verb
1 : to dry up
2 : to preserve (a food) by drying : dehydrate
3 : to drain of emotional or intellectual vitality
intransitive verb
: to become dried up

Desication cracks



diatribe
[Latin diatriba, learned discourse, from Greek diatrib , pastime, lecture, from diatr bein, to consume, wear away : dia-, intensive pref.; see dia- + tr bein, to rub; see ter -1 in Indo-European roots.]

–noun
a bitter, sharply abusive denunciation, attack, or criticism: repeated diatribes against the senator.

didactic
[Greek didaktikos, skillful in teaching, from didaktos, taught, from didaskein, didak-, to teach, educate.]
–adjective
1. intended for instruction; instructive: didactic poetry.
2. inclined to teach or lecture others too much: a boring, didactic speaker.
3. teaching or intending to teach a moral lesson.
4. didactics, (used with a singular verb) the art or science of teaching

dilettante
Italian, from present participle of dilettare to delight, from Latin dilectare — more at delight
–noun
1. a person who takes up an art, activity, or subject merely for amusement, esp. in a desultory or superficial way; dabbler.
2. a lover of an art or science, esp. of a fine art.
–adjective 3
. of or pertaining to dilettantes.





disabuse
[French désabuser : dés-, dis- + abuser, to delude (from Old French, to misuse; see abuse).]
To free from a falsehood or misconception: I must disabuse you of your feelings of grandeur.
verb
free somebody (from an erroneous belief)



discordant

–adjective
1. being at variance; disagreeing; incongruous: discordant opinions.
2. disagreeable to the ear; dissonant; harsh.
3. Geology. (of strata) structurally unconformable.

discretion
–noun
1. the power or right to decide or act according to one's own judgment; freedom of judgment or choice: It is entirely within my discretion whether I will go or stay.
2. the quality of being discreet, esp. with reference to one's own actions or speech; prudence or decorum: Throwing all discretion to the winds, he blurted out the truth.

—Idiom3. at discretion, at one's option or pleasure: They were allowed to work overtime at discretion.







disinterested
adjective
1. unbiased by personal interest or advantage; not influenced by selfish motives: a disinterested decision by the referee.
2. not interested; indifferent.
not influenced by private feelings or selfish motives; impartial It would be best if we let a disinterested party decide.
स्वार्थरहित



disparage
[Middle English disparagen, to degrade, from Old French desparager : des-, dis- + parage, high birth (from per, peer; see peer2).]
–verb (used with object), -aged, -ag⋅ing.
1. to speak of or treat slightingly; depreciate; belittle: Do not disparage good manners.
2. to bring reproach or discredit upon; lower the estimation of: Your behavior will disparage the whole family.



disparate
[Latin dispar tus, past participle of dispar re, to separate : dis-, apart; see dis- + par re, to prepare; see per -1 in Indo-European roots.]
–adjective
distinct in kind; essentially different; dissimilar: disparate ideas.
Ex.Disparate HouseWives
dissemble
Middle English dissemblen, from Old French dessembler, to be different : des-, dis- + sembler, to appear, seem; see semblable.]
v.tr.
1. To disguise or conceal behind a false appearance. See Synonyms at disguise.
2. To make a false show of; feign.
v.intr.
To disguise or conceal one's real nature, motives, or feelings behind a false appearance.


make believe with the intent to deceive; "He feigned that he was ill"; "He shammed a headache"
--behave unnaturally or affectedly; "She's just acting"

divulge
[Middle English divulgen, from Old French divulguer, from Latin d vulg re, to publish : d -, dis-, among; see dis- + vulg re, to spread among the multitude (from vulgus, common people).]
–verb (used with object), -vulged, -vulg⋅ing.
to disclose or reveal (something private, secret, or previously unknown).



dogmatic
[Late Latin dogmaticus, from Greek dogmatikos, from dogma, dogmat-, belief; see dogma.]
1. Relating to, characteristic of, or resulting from dogma.
2. Characterized by an authoritative, arrogant assertion of unproved or unprovable principles. See Synonyms at dictatorial.
tending to force one's own opinions on other people He's very dogmatic on this subject. हठी, हठधर्मी

C

Cacophony
1656, from Gk. kakophonia, from kakophonos "harsh sounding," from kakos "bad, evil" + phone "voice" (see fame). Kako- was a common prefix in Gk., and has often crossed over into Eng., e.g. cacography, the opposite of calligraphy (q.v.). Etymologists connect it with PIE *kakka- "to defecate."
: harsh or discordant sound : dissonance 2 ; specifically : harshness in the sound of words or phrases

canon
[Middle English canoun, from Old English canon and from Old French, both from Latin can n, rule, from Greek kan n, measuring rod, rule.]

n canon [ˈkӕnən]
1 a rule (especially of the church).

धर्मसूत्र

2 a clergyman belonging to a cathedral. domheer,

किसी कैथेडरल से जुड़ा कोई धर्मगुरू

3 a list of saints

संतों की एक सूची

4 a musical composition in which one part enters after another in imitation.

एक तरह की संगीत रचना

5 all the writings of an author that are accepted as genuine the Shakespeare canon.

किसी लेखक की वे तमाम लेखन जिन्हें असली के रूप में स्वीकार किया गया हो
adj caˈnonical [-ˈno-]
धर्मनियमानुकूल

v canonize, ˈcanonise
to place in the list of saints Joan of Arc was canonized in 1920

संत घोषित करना

canoniˈzation, ˌcanoniˈsation
संत घोषित करने की प्रक्रिया

canonical
1. Of, relating to, or required by canon law.
2. Of or appearing in the biblical canon.
3. Conforming to orthodox or well-established rules or patterns, as of procedure.
4. Of or belonging to a cathedral chapter.
5. Of or relating to a literary canon: a canonical writer like Keats.
6. Music Having the form of a canon.

capricious
1585–95; < href="http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=capriccioso&db=luna">capriccioso
governed or characterized by caprice : impulsive , unpredictable







castigation
1600–10; < href="http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=chaste&db=luna">chaste + -īg-, comb. form of agere to drive, incite + -ātus -ate 1

1. To inflict severe punishment on. See Synonyms at punish.
2. To criticize severely.

verbal punishment

catalyst
1 a substance which causes or assists a chemical change in another substance without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change.

उत्प्रेरक

2 someone or something that helps bring about a change.

परिवर्तन लाने वाली कोई चीज

adj cataˈlytic
उत्प्रेरण संबंधी






caustic
[Middle English caustik, from Latin causticus, from Greek kaustikos, from kaustos, from kaiein, kau-, to burn.]
adj caustic [ˈkoːstik]
1 burning by chemical action caustic soda

क्षारक, दाहक

2 (of remarks) bitter or sarcastic caustic comments

कठोर

adv caustically sarkasties

तीखेपन से, कड़वेपन से

Censure
[Middle English, from Latin c ns ra, censorship, from c nsor, Roman censor; see censor.]
v censure [ˈsenʃə]
to criticize or blame He was censured for staying away from work

निंदा करना

n
criticism or blame.

निंदा



chary

[Middle English chari, careful, sorrowful, from Old English cearig, sorrowful, from cearu, sorrow; see care.]
(with of) cautious Be chary of lending money to someone you don't know very well.

सावधान, संकोची


chicanery
Deception by trickery or sophistry.
2. A trick; a subterfuge.
the use of tricks to deceive someone (usually to extract money from them)
wile, shenanigan, trickery, chicane, guile






cogent
[Latin cōgēns, cōgent-, present participle of cōgere, to force : co-, co- + agere, to drive; see ag- in Indo-European roots.] co'gen·cy (-jən-sē) n., co'gent·ly adv.
Appealing to the intellect or powers of reasoning; convincing: a cogent argument.
powerfully persuasive; "a cogent argument"; "a telling presentation"; "a weighty argument"



complaisance
The inclination to comply willingly with the wishes of others; amiability.
disposition to please or comply : affability




connoisseur
1705–15; < href="http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=cognoscible&db=luna">cognoscible, -tor
Noun
1. a person who is especially competent to pass critical judgments in an art, particularly one of the fine arts, or in matters of taste: a connoisseur of modern art.
2. a discerning judge of the best in any field: a connoisseur of horses.
an expert able to appreciate a field; especially in the fine arts



contentious
1. Given to contention; quarrelsome. See Synonyms at argumentative, belligerent.
2. Involving or likely to cause contention; controversial: "a central and contentious element of the book" Tim W. Ferguson.




contrite

[Middle English contrit, from Latin contr tus, past participle of conterere, to crush : com-, com- + terere, to grind; see ter -1 in Indo-European roots.]


1. Feeling regret and sorrow for one's sins or offenses; penitent.
2. Arising from or expressing contrition: contrite words.




contrite [ˈkontrait]
deeply sorry for something one has done.

मनोव्यथित
n contriteness, contrition [kənˈtriʃən]
मनोव्यथा

convention


1.
a. A formal meeting of members, representatives, or delegates, as of a political party, fraternal society, profession, or industry.
b. The body of persons attending such an assembly: called the convention to order.
2. An agreement between states, sides, or military forces, especially an international agreement dealing with a specific subject, such as the treatment of prisoners of war.
3. General agreement on or acceptance of certain practices or attitudes: By convention, north is at the top of most maps.
4. A practice or procedure widely observed in a group, especially to facilitate social interaction; a custom: the convention of shaking hands.
5. A widely used and accepted device or technique, as in drama, literature, or painting: the theatrical convention of the aside.





1 a way of behaving that has become usual; (an) established custom Shaking hands when meeting people is a normal convention in many countries; He does not care about convention. रीति-रिवाज

2 in the United States a meeting of delegates from a political party for nominating a presidential candidate.

अमेरिका में किसी राजनीतिक पार्टी से राष्ट्रपति पद के उम्मीदवार के मनोनयन के लिए सम्मेलन

3 an assembly of people of a particular profession etc

किसी खास पेशे के लोगों का समागम

adj conˈventional
(negativeunconventional) according to the accepted standards etc; not outrageous or eccentric conventional dress; the more conventional forms of art.

परम्परागत

n conˌventioˈnality [-ˈnӕ-]

पारंपरिकता

convoluted

adj.
1. Having numerous overlapping coils or folds: a convoluted seashell.
2. Intricate; complicated: convoluted legal language; convoluted reasoning.

highly complex or intricate and occasionally devious; "the Byzantine tax structure"; "Byzantine methods for holding on to his chairmanship"; "convoluted legal language"; "convoluted reasoning"; "the plot was too involved"; "a knotty problem"; "got his way by labyrinthine maneuvering"; "Oh, what a tangled web we weave"- Sir Walter Scott; "tortuous legal procedures"; "tortuous negotiations lasting for months"


credulous
[From Latin cr dulus, from cr dere, to believe; see kerd- in Indo-European roots.]
adj.
1. Disposed to believe too readily; gullible.
2. Arising from or characterized by credulity. See Usage Note at credible.
believing too easily.

सहज विश्वासी, विश्वासशील

n credulousness, creˈdulity [-ˈdjuː-]

विश्वासप्रवणता
culpable
[Middle English coupable, from Old French, from Latin culp bilis, from culp re, to blame, from culpa, fault.]

Deserving of blame or censure as being wrong, evil, improper, or injurious. See Synonyms at blameworthy.


deserving blame; guilty She was the one who committed the crime but he was culpable also.

दोषी

cynicism

1. An attitude of scornful or jaded negativity, especially a general distrust of the integrity or professed motives of others: the public cynicism aroused by governmental scandals.
2. A scornfully or jadedly negative comment or act: "She arrived at a philosophy of her own, all made up of her private notations and cynicisms" (Henry James).
3. Cynicism The beliefs of the ancient Cynics.

B

bolster
Middle English, from Old English; akin to Old English belg bag
A long narrow pillow or cushion.
tr.v. bol·stered, bol·ster·ing, bol·sters
1. To support or prop up with or as if with a long narrow pillow or cushion.
2. To buoy up or hearten: Visitors bolstered the patient's morale.

तकिया, मसनद

bombast
[Alteration of obsolete bombace, cotton padding, from Old French, from Medieval Latin bombax, bombac-, cotton; see bombazine

Grandiloquent, pompous speech or writing.



bombastic

high-sounding; high-flown; inflated; pretentious.

ostentatiously lofty in style; "a man given to large talk"; "tumid political prose"




bucolic
[Latin b colicus, pastoral, from Greek boukolikos, from boukolos, cowherd : bous, cow; see gwou- in Indo-European roots + -kolos, herdsman; see kwel-1 in Indo-European roots.]
adj.
1. Of or characteristic of the countryside or its people; rustic. See Synonyms at rural.
2. Of or characteristic of shepherds or flocks; pastoral.
n.
1. A pastoral poem.
2. A farmer or shepherd; a rustic.








burgeon
[Middle English burgeonen, from Old French borjoner, from burjon, a bud, from Vulgar Latin *burri , burri n-, from Late Latin burra, a shaggy garment.]

1.
a. To put forth new buds, leaves, or greenery; sprout.
b. To begin to grow or blossom.



To grow and flourish.

A

abate

[Middle English abaten, from Old French abattre, to beat down : a-, to (from Latin ad-; see ad-) + batre, to beat; see batter¹.]

–verb (used with object)

1.	to reduce in amount, degree, intensity, etc.; lessen; diminish: to abate a tax; to abate one's enthusiasm.

2.	Law. a. to put an end to or suppress (a nuisance). b. to suspend or extinguish (an action). c. to annul (a writ).

3.	to deduct or subtract: to abate part of the cost.

4.	to omit: to abate all mention of names.

5.	to remove, as in stone carving, or hammer down, as in metalwork, (a port ion of a surface) in order to produce a figure or pattern in low relief.

–verb (used without object)

6.	to diminish in intensity, violence, amount, etc.: The storm has abated. The pain in his shoulder finally abated.

7.	Law. to end; become null and void.

to become less The storm abated. कम होना uitwoed يَخِفْ، يَهْدأ утихвам zeslábnout, zmírnit se aftage nachlassen κοπάζω disminuir, amainar leevenema, raugema فروکش کردن tyyntyä diminuer לְהַחֲלִישׁ, לִשׁכּוֹך




abscond

[Latin abscondere, to hide : abs-, ab-, away; see ab-¹ + condere, to put; see dh- in Indo-European roots.]

To leave quickly and secretly and hide oneself, often to avoid arrest or prosecution.









run away; usually includes taking something or somebody along; "The thief made off with our silver"; "the accountant absconded with the cash from the safe"


aberrant

[Latin aberrns, aberrant-, present participle of aberrre, to go astray; see aberration.]

–adjective

1.	departing from the right, normal, or usual course.

2.	deviating from the ordinary, usual, or normal type; exceptional; abnormal.

–noun

3.	an aberrant person, thing, group, etc.

accolade

[French, an embrace, accolade, from accoler, to embrace, from Old French acoler, from Vulgar Latin *accolre : Latin ad-, ad- + Latin collum, neck; see k^wel-¹ in Indo-European roots.]

1.

a. An expression of approval; praise.

b. A special acknowledgment; an award.

2. A ceremonial embrace, as of greeting or salutation.

3. Ceremonial bestowal of knighthood.

acerbic
1860–65; < class="ital-inline">acerb(us) sour, unripe, bitterly harsh + -ic, irreg. for -ous

1.	sour or astringent in taste: Lemon juice is acerbic.

2.	harsh or severe, as of temper or expression: acerbic criticism.

acumen
[Latin acmen, from acuere, to sharpen, from acus, needle; see ak- in Indo-European roots.]

Quickness, accuracy, and keenness of judgment or insight.










adulation
1770–80; back formation from adulat ion, ME < class="ital-inline">adūlātiōn- (s. of adūlātiō) servile flattery, fawning, equiv. to adūlāt(us), ptp. of adūlārī, -āre to fawn upon (of dogs), appar. a nominal deriv., with ad- ad-, of an otherwise unattested base + -iōn- -ion

–verb (used with object), -lat⋅ed, -lat⋅ing. to show excessive admiration or devotion to; flatter or admire servilely.

foolishly excessive praise The teenager's adulation of the pop-group worried her parents. चापलूसी aanhanging تَمَلُّق، مَدَاهَنَه ласкателство obdiv overdreven tilbedelse; overdreven smiger Vergötterung τυφλή αφοσίωση, δουλικότητα adulación ülistamine ستایش بیش از حد palvonta adulation חֲנוּפָּה, הַעֳרָצָה


adulterate

[Latin adulterre, adultert-, to pollute; see al-¹ in Indo-European roots.]

to debase or make impure by adding inferior materials or elements; use cheaper, inferior, or less desirable goods in the production of (any professedly genuine article): to adulterate food.


aesthetic

[German ästhetisch, from New Latin a esthticus, from Greek aisthtikos, of sense perception, from aisthta, perceptible things, from aisthanesthai, to perceive; see au- in Indo-European roots.]

–adjective

1.	pertaining to a sense of the beautiful or to the science of aesthetics.

2.	having a sense of the beautiful; characterized by a love of beauty.

3.	pertaining to, involving, or concerned with pure emotion and sensation as opposed to pure intellectuality.

–noun

4.	a philosophical theory or idea of what is aesthetically valid at a given time and place: the clean lines, bare surfaces, and sense of space that bespeak the machine-age aesthetic.

5.	aesthetics.

6.	Archaic. the study of the nature of sensation.

aggrandize

[French agrandir, agrandiss-, from Old French : a-, to (from Latin ad-; see ad-) + grandir, to grow larger (from Latin grandre, from grandis, large).]

–verb (used with object), -dized, -diz⋅ing.

1.	to widen in scope; increase in size or intensity; enlarge; extend.

2.	to make great or greater in power, wealth, rank, or honor.

3.	to make (something) appear greater.

aggravate

[Latin aggravre, aggravt- : ad-, ad- + gravre, to burden (from gravis, heavy; see g^wer-¹ in Indo-European roots).]

1.	to make worse or more severe; intensify, as anything evil, disorderly, or troublesome: to aggravate a grievance; to aggravate an illness.

2.	to annoy; irritate; exasperate: His questions aggravate her.

3.	to cause to become irritated or inflamed: The child's constant scratching aggravated the rash.

1 to make worse His bad temper aggravated the situation. बिगड़ना, खराब होना vererger يَزِيد المَوْقِف سُوء أو خُطُورَة отежнявам zhoršit forværre verschlimmern επιδεινώνω agravar halvendama بدتر کردن pahentaa aggraver לְהַחמִיר pogoršati súlyosbít memperburuk gera verra aggravare 悪化させる 악화시키다 (pa)bloginti pasliktināt memburukkan verergeren forverre pogarszać agravar a agra­va ухудшать zhoršiť poslabšati pogoršati försvåra, förvärra ทำให้แย่ลง kötüleştirmek, ağırlaştırmak 使惡化 обтяжувати; погіршувати بد تر کرنا làm trầm trọng 使恶化

2 to make (someone) angry or impatient She was aggravated by the constant questions. क्रोधित करना ontsteld, vervies, kwaad gemaak يُغِيظ، يُثِير سَخْطَاً раздразвам rozzlobit, rozčílit irritere; ærgre verärgern εκνευρίζω κπ. irritar ärritama عصبانی کردن ärsyttää exaspérer לְהַרגִיז

alacrity
---Latin alacritas, from alacr-, alacer lively, eager
–noun
1. cheerful readiness, promptness, or willingness: We accepted the invitation with alacrity.
2. liveliness; briskness.
- तत्परता bodrost jókedv kegairahan, kelincahan röskleiki, fúsleiki alacrità 敏速 민활 uolumas, paslaugumas ātrums; gatavība lincah bereidwilligheid iver, villighet skwapliwość vivacidade zel живость; рвение horlivosť; ochota vnema čilost glad iver, hurtighet ความกระตือรือร้น isteklilik 樂意 жвавість; готовність زندہ دلی ، آمادگی sự sốt sắng 乐意

Alchemy
Latin; Middle French alkimie, from Medieval Latin alchymia, from Arabic al-kīmiyā', from al the + kīmiyā' alchemy, from Late Greek chēmeia
1 : a medieval chemical science and speculative philosophy aiming to achieve the transmutation of the base metals into gold, the discovery of a universal cure for disease, and the discovery of a means of indefinitely prolonging life
2 : a power or process of transforming something common into something special
3 : an inexplicable or mysterious transmuting

amalgamate
–verb (used with object)
1. to mix or merge so as to make a combination; blend; unite; combine: to amalgamate two companies.
2. Metallurgy. to mix or alloy (a metal) with mercury.

–verb (used without object)
3. to combine, unite, merge, or coalesce: The three schools decided to amalgamate.
4. to blend with another metal, as mercury.

ameliorate
to make or become better, more bearable, or more satisfactory; improve; meliorate.

amenable
Probably alteration of Middle English menable, from Old French, from mener, to lead, from Latin min re, to drive, from min r , to threaten, from minae, threats; see men-2 in Indo-European roots.]
–adjective
1. ready or willing to answer, act, agree, or yield; open to influence, persuasion, or advice; agreeable; submissive; tractable: an amenable servant.
2. liable to be called to account; answerable; legally responsible: You are amenable for this debt. 3. capable of or agreeable to being tested, tried, analyzed, etc

anachronism
[French anachronisme, from New Latin anachronismus, from Late Greek anakhronismos, from anakhronizesthai, to be an anachronism : Greek ana-, ana- + Greek khronizein, to take time (from khronos, time).]
from the Greek "ana" "ανά", "against, anti-", and "chronos" "χρόνος", "time
1: an error in chronology ; especially : a chronological misplacing of persons, events, objects, or customs in regard to each other
2: a person or a thing that is chronologically out of place ; especially : one from a former age that is incongruous in the present
3: the state or condition of being chronologically out of place

anomaly
An anomaly is any occurrence or object that is strange, unusual, or unique. It can also mean a discrepancy or deviation from an established rule.
1. Deviation or departure from the normal or common order, form, or rule.
2. One that is peculiar, irregular, abnormal, or difficult to classify: "Both men are anomalies: they have . . . likable personalities but each has made his reputation as a heavy" David Pauly.
3. Astronomy The angular deviation, as observed from the sun, of a planet from its perihelion.

approbation
–noun
1. approval; commendation.
2. official approval or sanction.
3. Obsolete. conclusive proof.

archaic
[Greek arkhaikos, old-fashioned, from arkhaios, ancient, from arkh , beginning, from arkhein, to begin.]

1: having the characteristics of the language of the past and surviving chiefly in specialized uses
2: of, relating to, or characteristic of an earlier or more primitive time : antiquated
3capitalized : of or belonging to the early or formative phases of a culture or a period of artistic development ; especially : of or belonging to the period leading up to the classical period of Greek culture
4: surviving from an earlier period ; specifically : typical of a previously dominant evolutionary stage
5capitalized : of or relating to the period from about 8000 b.c. to 1000 b.c. and the North American cultures of that time

arduous
Latin arduus high, steep, difficult; akin to Old Irish ard high
1. Demanding great effort or labor; difficult: "the arduous work of preparing a Dictionary of the English Language" Thomas Macaulay.
2. Testing severely the powers of endurance; strenuous: a long, arduous, and exhausting war.
3. Hard to traverse, climb, or surmount. See Synonyms at burdensome, hard.

ascetic
[Late Greek ask tikos, from Greek ask t s, practitioner, hermit, monk, from askein, to work.]
–noun
1. a person who dedicates his or her life to a pursuit of contemplative ideals and practices extreme self-denial or self-mortification for religious reasons.
2. a person who leads an austerely simple life, esp. one who abstains from the normal pleasures of life or denies himself or herself material satisfaction.
3. (in the early Christian church) a monk; hermit
तपस्वी

assuage
[Middle English asswagen, from Old French assuagier, from Vulgar Latin *assu vi re : Latin ad-, ad- + Latin su vis, sweet, delightful; see sw d- in Indo-European roots.]
–verb (used with object), -suaged, -suag⋅ing.
1. to make milder or less severe; relieve; ease; mitigate: to assuage one's grief; to assuage one's pain.
2. to appease; satisfy; allay; relieve: to assuage one's hunger.
3. to soothe, calm, or mollify: to assuage his fears; to assuage her anger.

astringent
[Latin astring ns, astringent-, present participle of astringere, to bind fast : ad-, ad- + stringere, to bind; see streig- in Indo-European roots.]

adj.
1. Medicine Tending to draw together or constrict tissues; styptic.
2. Sharp and penetrating; pungent or severe: astringent remarks.
n.
A substance or preparation, such as alum, that draws together or constricts body tissues and is effective in stopping the flow of blood or other secretions.

audacious
[French audacieux, from Old French audace, boldness, from Latin aud cia, from aud x, aud c-, bold, from aud re, to dare, from avidus, avid; see avid.]
1. Fearlessly, often recklessly daring; bold. See Synonyms at adventurous, brave.
2. Unrestrained by convention or propriety; insolent.
3. Spirited and original: an audacious interpretation of two Jacobean dramas.



invulnerable to fear or intimidation; "audacious explorers"; "fearless reporters and photographers"; "intrepid pioneers"



disposed to venture or take risks; "audacious visions of the total conquest of space"; "an audacious interpretation of two Jacobean dramas"; "the most daring of contemporary fiction writers"; "a venturesome investor"; "a venturous spirit"
साहसी

austere
Origin: 1300–50; ME (< AF) < L austērus < Gk austērós harsh, rough, bitter
–adjective
1. severe in manner or appearance; uncompromising; strict; forbidding: an austere teacher.
2. rigorously self-disciplined and severely moral; ascetic; abstinent: the austere quality of life in the convent.
3. grave; sober; solemn; serious: an austere manner.
4. without excess, luxury, or ease; simple; limited; severe: an austere life.
5. severely simple; without ornament: austere writing.
6. lacking softness; hard: an austere bed of straw.
7. rough to the taste; sour or harsh in flavor.

avarice
[Middle English, from Old French, from Latin av ritia, from av rus, greedy, from av re, to desire.]
excessive or insatiable desire for wealth or gain : greediness , cupidity

लोभ , कन्जूस

aver
[Middle English averren, from Old French averer, from Vulgar Latin *adv r re : Latin ad-, ad- + Latin v rus, true; see w r -o- in Indo-European roots.]
1. To affirm positively; declare.

2. Law

a. To assert formally as a fact.
b. To justify or prove.
to declare or affirm solemnly and formally as true; "Before God I swear I am innocent"

axiom
[Middle English, from Old French axiome, from Latin axi ma, axi mat-, from Greek, from axios, worthy; see ag- in Indo-European roots.]


1. A self-evident or universally recognized truth; a maxim: "It is an economic axiom as old as the hills that goods and services can be paid for only with goods and services" Albert Jay Nock.
2. An established rule, principle, or law.
3. A self-evident principle or one that is accepted as true without proof as the basis for argument; a postulate.
स्वयंसि‍द्धि